Northwest Horticultural Council
Export Manual
CHINA
Capital: BeijingPopulation: 1,397,897,720 (July 2021 est.)
Currency: Renminbi (Yuan)
Official Language(s): Mandarin Chinese
I. CHEMICAL MAXIMUM RESIDUE LEVELS (MRLs)
Please click on the above link for a list of chemical MRLs.
II. CHEMICALS AND ADDITIVE INFORMATION
A. Chemical residue standards:
China maintains a national MRL list and does not defer to other market standards. Although China does not officially defer to Codex, China’s Ministry of Agriculture (MOA has stated that it will consider Codex MRLs in cases where there is a residue dispute on specific shipments.
China does not have a default MRL policy.
B. Monitoring chemical residues:
Monitoring rules and practices exist, but in practice, it is unclear how often testing is actually done and how results may be used.
C. Restrictions on use of waxes:
None
III. ORGANIC FRUIT REGULATIONS
China instituted measures governing the certification procedures, production, processing, marketing and labeling of organic products in 2005. China does not recognize foreign organic standards, and there is not an organic standards equivalency agreement between the U.S. and China. To promote and sell produce as organic the product must have an official Chinese organic certification and label. Shippers are advised to work closely with importers to ensure compliance.
IV. TARIFFS
Apples 10%
Pears 10%
Cherries 10%
On April 2, 2018, China imposed a 15 percent tariff on apples, pears, and cherries in retaliation for the United States’ Section 232 tariffs imposed on Chinese steel and aluminum imports.
Effective July 6, 2018, China imposed an additional 25 percent tariff on apples, pears, and cherries. A further 10 percent increase in the tariff occurred on September 1, 2019. These additional duties are in retaliation for the United States’ Section 301 tariffs imposed on Chinese products due to concerns regarding China’s treatment of intellectual property and other trade concerns. Effective February 14, 2020, China reduced the 10 percent tariff imposed on September 1, 2019, to 5 percent.
This brings the total tariff level that must be paid on these fruits to 55 percent.
Fresh fruit imports are also subject to a 9 percent value-added tax.
Tariff Exclusionary Process
China’s State Council Tariff Commission (SCCTC) established a tariff exclusionary process of Section 301 tariffs for U.S. apples, pears, and cherries. Chinese importers must apply for and be granted all tariff exclusions for section 301 retaliatory tariffs.
If importers are granted an exclusion, the tariff on apples, pears, and cherries is reduced to 25 percent. For more information about the exclusionary process see GAIN Reports China Revises Step-By-Step Tariff Exclusion Guide CH2020-0059, and China Publishes Frequently Asked Questions Document on Tariff Exclusion Process CH2020-0032. See also, the USTR’s Section 301 tariff process, click here.
V. NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
A. Labeling requirements:
There are Standardized Labeling Requirements for shipping apples to China. A USDA Shield stamp is also required. Please contact Northwest Fruit Exporters NFE@nwhort.org or 509-453-3193.
B. Licenses and quotas:
China requires importers to obtain Quarantine Import Permits (QIPs). Please refer to the pest and plant disease restrictions section below for more information.
C. Currency Issues:
China’s currency, the Renminbi (Yuan) is pegged to the U.S. dollar.
D. Pest and plant disease restrictions:
Importers must obtain Quarantine Import Permits (QIP) prior to signing contracts with exporters. The quarantine requirements specified in the QIP must be written into the contract. Please work closely with your importer to verify compliance with this regulation.
A phytosanitary certificate (PC) is required. Packer/shipper registration is required. The lists are maintained by the Northwest Fruit Exporters.
Sweet Cherries:
Fruit must be certified in accordance with the Work Plan for the Exportation of Sweet Cherries from the States of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Packing facilities/lines must be inspected by a state inspector prior to packing for China.
Apples:
Growers and packers must comply with the Operational Work Plan for the Export of Apples from the United States to the People’s Republic of China.
Pears:
European pear varieties (Pyrus communis) may be exported to China. Growers and packers must comply with the pear export work plan.
For further information contact:
Northwest Fruit Exporters
NFE@nwhort.org
(509) 453-3193
E. Other Requirements:
Solid Wood Packing Material (SWPM) Regulations:
Please refer to the SWPM section of the NHC’s Technical Bulletins and Industry Advice.
Ports of Entry:
Apples: Guangzhou, Shanghai, Dalian, Beijing, Haikou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Qingdao, Tianjin, Nanjing, Shekou, and Yanitain.
Cherries and Pears: No restrictions.
VI. MARKETING REPRESENTATIVES FOR PACIFIC NORTHWEST TREE FRUIT INDUSTRY:
Northwest Cherry Growers/Washington Apple Commission:
Philander Fan
Marketing Plus
HONG KONG
Voice: 011-852-2554-1600
Fax: 011-852-3676-1960
E-mail: pfmk@i-cable.com
Pear Bureau Northwest:
Louis Ng
Louis Ng & Associates Ltd.
HONG KONG
Voice: 011-852 2858 2230
Fax: 011-852 2559 5896
E-mail: admin@Lnahk.com.hk
VII. OTHER RESOURCE LINKS:
Governmental:
- China Agricultural and Economic Data (USDA/Economic Research Service)
- China Business Information Center (U.S. Department of Commerce)
- The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency)
- U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission
- U.S. Embassy
Private:
VIII. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) officially became the World Trade Organization’s 143rd member on December 11, 2001. January 1, 2002, was the effective date of this new trade status for the PRC.